Tampilkan postingan dengan label crisis. Tampilkan semua postingan
Tampilkan postingan dengan label crisis. Tampilkan semua postingan

How does the financial crisis affect quantitative trading - forex trading system 96 percent winners

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How does the financial crisis affect quantitative trading ~ forex trading system 96 percent winners


Now that we are reasonably sure the financial world is not coming to an end yet, it is reasonable to ask how quantitative strategies have been faring under this extreme market stress. Despite reports of massive hedge fund deleveraging and negative YTD returns, I believe quantitative strategies, especially statistical arbitrage, have survived the period relatively unscathed. But here are a few of my thoughts:

1) The paltry 10% annual returns that a mediocre statarb fund can deliver is suddenly looking pretty good when the risk-free rate is under 1% and a prolonged bear market is on the horizon.

2) Mean-reversal models continue to beat momentum models in this crisis environment, as in previous crisis environments. This is not surprising because market returns have completely dominated specific returns, and of course market returns have been highly mean-reverting lately.

3) Models involving shorts are under some tumoil because of regime-change induced by new and ever-changing short-sale regulations. (For a while, I even have difficulties locating SPY for hedging purposes!)

4) Models are generally trained on data with far lower volatility than is recently realized. (Even incorporting VIX in a model does not guarantee that it can match realized volatility any better.)
As a result, P&Ls fluctuations are also much higher than usual, which induces deleveraging as a risk-management measure, which drains liquidity from the market, which in turn leads to still higher volatility. The usual viscious cycle.

5) Political risks in an election year have further reduced leverage and increased volatility. What if there is an assassination? What if the wrong party got elected? What if the paper-trailess electronic voting machines cause another dispute for a month? The nightmares will continue at least until the morning of Nov 5.

6) Normally, lack of liquidity in the market is good for statarb models since they profit from renting out temporary liquidity. However, this profitability assumes that there are buyers of last resort for the market: the long-term investors, the mutual funds, Warren Buffet, etc. When they are absent, statarb investors can be left holding the bag. Fortunately, Warren Buffet & Co. has indeed stepped in and we statarb traders can breathe a sigh of relief.

7) I have been paying particular attention to 3 websites since the crisis began in order to judge whether I should return to my normal leverage: the Ted spread (I am waiting for it to return to below 2), the Calculated Risk blog, and Paul Krugmans blog. This crisis is caused by panic in the credit market, so we should look for credit market returning to normal before declaring victory. The VIX? Not so much because I believe it is backward-looking in this environment.

8) Watching Fannie, Freddie, Lehman, AIG, WaMu, Wachovia, Iceland, and the initial bailout bill failed feels like reading Chapter 8 of Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: "The Ministry has fallen. Scrimgeour is dead. They are coming." The Dark Lord is taking over our economy.
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USD JPY BREAKOUT SHORT CRISIS LOOMING - forex day trading system simple 1m scalping strategy

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USD JPY BREAKOUT SHORT CRISIS LOOMING ~ forex day trading system simple 1m scalping strategy


As we continue to struggle in a very low liquidity environment for the Currency Market, the USD JPY has also fallen victim to the absence of meaningful, tradeable volatility. This has led to the formation of a 145-Pip Range within which the pair has moved since the middle of April this year. Short-term aggressive traders may have profited from this period of market indecision by trading between Support and Resistance despite the erratic nature of the candles. However, those focused on the larger picture could be rewarded for their patience with a strong bearish breakout of 300 Pips that seems to be looming following the break of two previous Uptrend Lines. 

The chart below shows the Range within which we have been for the last 3 months. Traders who enter and use the Resistance and Support boundaries for Stop Losses would have done so at the 102,75 and 101,30 price areas, respectively.


DAILY CHART















Trading based solely on Support and Resistance without strong candle signals can be a very risk strategy given the possibility of large price spikes at these areas. The absence of such strong candle signals also leads to unexpected Double Tops and Bottoms that appear at the mid-point of these Ranges. On the other hand, if these Range traders were to instead take a broader look at this currency pair, they would see the potential for even larger gains in the next few days.

The chart below shows that this Range is actually sitting atop the Outer Trend Line that has been in place since November of 2012. We can also see that the movement to this Trend Line followed the break of two Inner Trend Lines.


DAILY CHART



In general, trend reversals tend to occur whenever there are successive breaks of trend lines and/or long periods of indecision and sideways patterns. Whenever they are as large as the patterns that we are seeing here, however, they are usually associated with a major change in investor sentiment such as with the GBP USD prior to the safe-haven trading of 2008;


DAILY CHART - GBP USD
















And the return of risk-appetite to the markets in 2009;


DAILY CHART - AUD USD
















Given that we are seeing something very similar with the USD JPY, we are very likely to see a significant trend change associated with another major shift in market sentiment. If this actually takes place, it is likely to start with a break of the Support of the current Range setup.


DAILY CHART















Even though such a major trend change could last for several months, lets  examine what can take place in the very short-run period of 7 to 14 days.

As the breakout begins, there will be several price points of Support to provide traders with good exits for their trades. However, given the precocious nature of breakouts, the trader would need to know beforehand that a particular Support point targeted for profit, will in fact be hit before the trend ends.

This is where the concept of the Breakout Equivalent becomes useful. It measures the distance over which the breakout is expected to take place before coming to a slow or abrupt end. Knowledge of this price and how to measure it allows traders to set their pre-determined pip targets with greater certainty and avoid the trap of unexpected reversals. If this breakout actually takes place in favour of the Japanese Yen, the Breakout Equivalent target would be at 98,40, some 300 Pips away from the current price. 

This concept can be seen throughout the Currency Market, with the USD CAD providing a very recent example.


DAILY CHART - USD CAD
















In this case, the Breakout Equivalent took us very close to a major Uptrend Line that started in September of 2012. You will also notice that the breakout signal was strong enough to give traders the added confidence that we would not fall into the trap of a False Breakout to go long. Once a strong enough signal is given to start a breakout, pre-determined targets can be comfortably set to capture between 100 and 200 Pips (125 Pips in this example). 

Another major issue related to these setups is the holding period for our trades. Breakouts can last anywhere from a few days to a few weeks depending on the speed of the market and the size of the Consolidation. This means that two currency pairs with similar size Ranges can reach their respective target at different times. Given that we do not necessarily want to hold our trades open indefinitely, what would determine our decision to stay in these trades for 4, 7, 10 or 14 days?



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Duane Shepherd 
(M.Sc. Economics, B.Sc. Management and Economics)
Currency Analyst/Trader
Contact: shepherdduane@gmail.com
Twitter: @WorldWide876
Facebook: DRFXTRADING 

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Upcoming seminar on subprime mortgage crisis - forex avenger trading system

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Upcoming seminar on subprime mortgage crisis ~ forex avenger trading system


For readers who live in the New York area, here is an interesting upcoming seminar at Columbia University:

The subprime mortgage crisis of 2007: Anatomy of a market failure

Date: 03-10-2008
Start Time: 6:00pm
End Time: 7:30pm
Speaker: Kenneth A. Posner, Morgan Stanley
Location: 412 Schapiro CEPSR, Davis Auditorium


ABSTRACT

As home prices soared in 2004-5, consumers, realtors, mortgage lenders,
homebuilders, and investment banks all benefited. But few thought the good
times would last -- after all, everyone had learned to recognize a bubble
when they saw one. If thats the case, how did mortgage losses turn out so
large, and why do we find ourselves today confronting a major financial
crisis? This presentation will survey the damage resulting from the
subprime mortgage crash and provide a possible explanation for the magnitude
of the surprise which may be relevant to investors and risk managers in
other markets.


BIO

Kenneth Posner is a managing director and head of the mortgage finance and
specialty finance equity research team. Prior to joining the Equity Research
department in 1995, Ken worked in Morgan Stanleys investment banking group,
where he focused on commercial real estate transactions. He previously
served as a captain of infantry in the US Army, and was airborne and ranger
qualified. Ken earned a B.A. from Yale University in 1985 and an M.B.A. with
honors from the University of Chicago Graduate School of Business in 1991.
He is a Certified Public Accountant and holds the Chartered Financial
Analyst and Financial Risk Manager designations
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KIWI DOLLAR 10 PIPS AWAY FROM SHARP DECLINE - forex trading scalping system

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KIWI DOLLAR 10 PIPS AWAY FROM SHARP DECLINE ~ forex trading scalping system


Following a strong False Breakout rally for the Kiwi against the US Dollar, the currency pair has now settled above the Resistance of its Range just 10 Pips away from a major Resistance formed 3 years ago. If this price is hit over the next few days, we are likely to see a sharp decline of several hundred Pips that carries it back inside the Range and possibly even lower over the next few months.

The Daily Chart below shows the False Breakout below the Support of the Range that turned into the sharp rally over the last few weeks.


DAILY CHART
















Despite the fact that False Breakouts usually lead to a break at the other end of the Consolidation, the Bull Candles above the Resistance have so far been very weak. This gives us a very small probability of a continued breakout that supports further gains for the Kiwi. One reason for this might be due to the fact that we are very close to a major Resistance that was formed in August of 2011- a major Resistance that has not yet been tested. 


As we can see from the graphs below, this Resistance was formed when the strong 2-year rally came to an end and led to the formation of a large Pennant setup. Any Resistance or Support price formed when a major trend comes to an end is likely to lead to sharp reversals when tested for the first time. Whenever such a test is close to taking place, the market tends to hesitate ahead of this test-partly due its significance and partly because of the growing expectations of the trend reversal to follow.


DAILY CHART















  
 DAILY CHART

 


Assuming that the market will rally to hit this Resistance, let´s see what is likely to take place thereafter. This pullback would take us back inside of the Range where it could continue to oscillate between Support and Resistance, moving by 230 Pips on each occasion.


DAILY CHART
















If the Candlestick Signals are strong enough with little volatility, trading within this Range can be very profitable. ABC Signals, Consolidation breaks and Trend Line breaks are possible signals that could provide entry signals inside of this setup.

Alternately, instead of continuing to move inside of the Range, the pullback at Resistance could lead to an even stronger breakout that breaches the Support, the Resistance of the large Pennant and an Uptrend Line. This would take us down to the 0,7900 area of Support over the next few months, as the US Dollar recovers lost ground of over 900 Pips.


DAILY CHART
















Trading this breakout would also involve the use of ABC Signals, Consolidation breakouts as well as Counter Trend Line breaks. Trades can be held for a much longer period over the course of weeks or months, with less monitoring required compared to trading within Ranges. 

Under both scenarios, the signals and the corresponding setups given on the Daily and 4 Hour Charts need to be strong and clear enough. Once these are provided and the trade meets the other criteria established to justify entry, consecutive gains will be realized by traders.



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____________________________________________________


SUBSCRIBE TODAY

____________________________________________________



Buy Now
US$120.00



Support independent publishing: Buy this e-book on Lulu.

Free 
 ___________________________________________


Duane Shepherd 
(M.Sc. Economics, B.Sc. Management and Economics)
Currency Analyst/Trader
Contact: shepherdduane@gmail.com
Twitter: @WorldWide876
Facebook: DRFXTRADING 

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200 Pip Targets Still Hit During Financial Crisis Using Methodology - 10 pips forex trading system the 3rd candle

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200 Pip Targets Still Hit During Financial Crisis Using Methodology ~ 10 pips forex trading system the 3rd candle




During the infamous Financial Crisis of 2007-08 and its aftermath, many trading strategies began losing money because of the dramatic increase in market volatility. Methodologies that functioned with very few hiccups before the Crisis, were no longer profitable and could not adjust to the new scenarios that unfolded over subsequent years. Nevertheless, the methodology outlined in the Trading Manual held firm despite the market turbulence experienced during that time.

The methodology uses Price-Action patterns on the Daily & 4 Hour Charts to identify high probability trades that provide between 100 and 200 Pips. The setups that provide these opportunities exist during normal periods of market activity as well as heightened periods of volatility coinciding with safe-haven investment flows.

The European Sovereign Debt Crisis and the 2007-08 Financial Crisis stand out as strong examples of factors that lead to increased volatility. Since the formation of consolidation tends to characterize these market conditions, we can look at examples of how the strategy would have been applied to this type of setup. In each of these examples, explanations of the technical factors that would justify entry and exit are provided.


CONSOLIDATION BREAKOUTS

Consolidation and breakouts from consolidation are typical market patterns seen throughout the currency market. Consolidations are periods of indecision and low market liquidity in which traders are uncertain as to how a currency pair will be affected by a major, underlying economic factor. The larger the consolidation, the more significant is the underlying scenario that is unfolding. Whenever this issue finally comes to light in the form of a single or series of news releases, a sharp breakout at the Support or the Resistance of the consolidation will take place. The direction of this breakout will be in favour of the currency that benefits from the reaction to the news by investors and traders.


The graph below shows the large Pennant consolidation that was formed for the EURO JPY pair between July and August 2011. The Pennant coincided with one of the periods of the European Sovereign Debt Crisis in which Greece was believed to be on the brink of exiting the eurozone due to its severe fiscal and economic challenges. It was also feared that such an exit would have a ripple effect that led to other countries leaving the Union as well.

FIGURE 1- EURO JPY - DAILY CHART














In July, Greece was eventually provided with the assistance it needed to resolve its crisis and prevent contagion among other European countries. However, the market went back into crisis mode in August when European Commission President Jose Manual Barros warned that the Sovereign Debt Crisis was spreading beyond the periphery of the eurozone. Yields on government bonds from Spainand Italyrose sharply as investors demanded larger returns to lend to these countries. As a result, the European Central Bank said it would buy the government bonds of these countries to reduce their borrowing costs, amid concerns that they would be also be hit by a crisis.

Adding fuel to the fire of market uncertainty were developments taking place in the United States- the epicenter of the 2007-08 Financial Crisis. In August, Standard & Poor’s made a landmark decision to downgrade US sovereign debt from its prized AAA rating amid a political stalemate over the country’s debt ceiling. Citing a lack of confidence in the country’s ability to reach a political solution, S&P lowered its long-term sovereign credit rating and said it was pessimistic about future decision making. The historic move by S&P reflected the rating agencies’ push to become more proactive than they were during the financial crisis.

Within this context, a breakout short from the Pennant to reflect the selling of Euro and the safe-haven buying of the Japanese Yen was inevitable.  This began on September 8, 2011, with a bearish candle signal on the Daily Chart.


FIGURE 2- EURO JPY- DAILY CHART SIGNAL















As the currency pair presented this trading opportunity, entry took place immediately, with the target set for 200 Pips as per the methodology.


FIGURE 3 - EURO JPY - DAILY CHART RESULT














The target was hit after few days for 220 Pips, with slippage taking place to capture a few extra pips. This exit point also coincided with the appearance of Tweezer Bottoms, which are signals that indicate the end of a Breakout.

During this time, a Range had been formed on the Daily Chart of the USD CAD pair that also reflected the pessimistic sentiment of the market.  This Consolidation would also be broken to reflect the safe-haven buying of the US Dollar.

FIGURE 4 - DAILY CHART- USD CAD
















The signal to start the breakout came on September 21, 2011 in the form of a bullish candle breaking Resistance. That signal coincided with statements from the International Monetary Fund in which it forecast slower growth in the UK and the US and warned that the Sovereign debt and banking sector problems in the euro area had proven much more tenacious than expected.


FIGURE 5 - USD CAD - DAILY CHART
















Once again, entry took place on the same day of the signal, with the target of 200 Pips being set. This target was successfully hit a few days later.


FIGURE 6- USD CAD- DAILY CHART RESULT















The exit point for this trade took place at the area where consolidations normally end. This area is referred to as the Breakout Equivalent and is a concept that is applied to all consolidation types. Once this is correctly identified - based on certain parameters related to the consolidation in question- exit points for trades can be more confidently established. This allows the trader to be able to avoid the volatility and the pullbacks that normally follow the end of these breakouts.

The 2008 Financial Crisis also provided opportunities that were clear, strong and in sync with the types of setups that are targeted for trading. These setups formed part of the back-testing of the methodology and confirmed its robustness during these tail risk events. Consolidations were also formed during the early stages of the crisis, but these were much larger given the severity of the situation that was unraveling.

TRADING WITHIN CONSOLIDATION

Trades can also be executed within Consolidation boundaries instead of waiting until they are broken. To justify trading within these volatile setups, however, the distance between Support and Resistance should at least be 300 Pips. The EURO USD provided such a Consolidation, when it formed a 600-Pip Range between March and August of 2008.


FIGURE 7 - EURO USD-DAILY CHART